Web API 调用
查询 GitHub API
使用 reqwest::get
查询 点赞的用户 API v3,以获取某个 GitHub 项目的所有点赞用户的列表。使用 Response::json
将响应信息 reqwest::Response
反序列化为实现了 serde::Deserialize
trait 的 User
对象。
tokio::main 用于设置异步执行器,该进程异步等待 reqwest::get
完成,然后将响应信息反序列化到用户实例中。
use serde::Deserialize;
use reqwest::Error;
#[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
struct User {
login: String,
id: u32,
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Error> {
let request_url = format!("https://api.github.com/repos/{owner}/{repo}/stargazers",
owner = "rust-lang-nursery",
repo = "rust-cookbook");
println!("{}", request_url);
let response = reqwest::get(&request_url).await?;
let users: Vec<User> = response.json().await?;
println!("{:?}", users);
Ok(())
}
检查 API 资源是否存在
使用消息标头 HEAD 请求((Client::head
)查询 GitHub 用户端接口,然后检查响应代码以确定是否成功。这是一种无需接收 HTTP 响应消息主体,即可快速查询 rest 资源的方法。使用 ClientBuilder::timeout
方法配置的 reqwest::Client
结构体将确保请求不会超时。
由于 ClientBuilder::build
和 RequestBuilder::send
都返回错误类型 reqwest::Error
,所以便捷的 reqwest::Result
类型被用于主函数的返回类型。
use reqwest::Result;
use std::time::Duration;
use reqwest::ClientBuilder;
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let user = "ferris-the-crab";
let request_url = format!("https://api.github.com/users/{}", user);
println!("{}", request_url);
let timeout = Duration::new(5, 0);
let client = ClientBuilder::new().timeout(timeout).build()?;
let response = client.head(&request_url).send().await?;
if response.status().is_success() {
println!("{} is a user!", user);
} else {
println!("{} is not a user!", user);
}
Ok(())
}
使用 GitHub API 创建和删除 Gist
使用 Client::post
创建一个 POST 请求提交到 GitHub gists API v3 接口的 gist,并使用 Client::delete
使用 DELETE 请求删除它。
reqwest::Client
负责这两个请求的详细信息,包括:URL、消息体(body)和身份验证。serde_json::json!
宏的 POST 主体可以提供任意形式的 JSON 主体,通过调用 RequestBuilder::json
设置请求主体,RequestBuilder::basic_auth
处理身份验证。本实例中调用 RequestBuilder::send
方法同步执行请求。
use error_chain::error_chain;
use serde::Deserialize;
use serde_json::json;
use std::env;
use reqwest::Client;
error_chain! {
foreign_links {
EnvVar(env::VarError);
HttpRequest(reqwest::Error);
}
}
#[derive(Deserialize, Debug)]
struct Gist {
id: String,
html_url: String,
}
#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
let gh_user = env::var("GH_USER")?;
let gh_pass = env::var("GH_PASS")?;
let gist_body = json!({
"description": "the description for this gist",
"public": true,
"files": {
"main.rs": {
"content": r#"fn main() { println!("hello world!");}"#
}
}});
let request_url = "https://api.github.com/gists";
let response = Client::new()
.post(request_url)
.basic_auth(gh_user.clone(), Some(gh_pass.clone()))
.json(&gist_body)
.send().await?;
let gist: Gist = response.json().await?;
println!("Created {:?}", gist);
let request_url = format!("{}/{}",request_url, gist.id);
let response = Client::new()
.delete(&request_url)
.basic_auth(gh_user, Some(gh_pass))
.send().await?;
println!("Gist {} deleted! Status code: {}",gist.id, response.status());
Ok(())
}
实例中使用 HTTP 基本认证 为了授权访问 GitHub API。实际应用中或许将使用一个更为复杂的 OAuth 授权流程。
使用 RESTful API 分页
可以将分页的 web API 方便地包裹在 Rust 迭代器中,当到达每一页的末尾时,迭代器会从远程服务器加载下一页结果。
use reqwest::Result;
use serde::Deserialize;
#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct ApiResponse {
dependencies: Vec<Dependency>,
meta: Meta,
}
#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct Dependency {
crate_id: String,
}
#[derive(Deserialize)]
struct Meta {
total: u32,
}
struct ReverseDependencies {
crate_id: String,
dependencies: <Vec<Dependency> as IntoIterator>::IntoIter,
client: reqwest::blocking::Client,
page: u32,
per_page: u32,
total: u32,
}
impl ReverseDependencies {
fn of(crate_id: &str) -> Result<Self> {
Ok(ReverseDependencies {
crate_id: crate_id.to_owned(),
dependencies: vec![].into_iter(),
client: reqwest::blocking::Client::new(),
page: 0,
per_page: 100,
total: 0,
})
}
fn try_next(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Dependency>> {
if let Some(dep) = self.dependencies.next() {
return Ok(Some(dep));
}
if self.page > 0 && self.page * self.per_page >= self.total {
return Ok(None);
}
self.page += 1;
let url = format!("https://crates.io/api/v1/crates/{}/reverse_dependencies?page={}&per_page={}",
self.crate_id,
self.page,
self.per_page);
let response = self.client.get(&url).send()?.json::<ApiResponse>()?;
self.dependencies = response.dependencies.into_iter();
self.total = response.meta.total;
Ok(self.dependencies.next())
}
}
impl Iterator for ReverseDependencies {
type Item = Result<Dependency>;
fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
match self.try_next() {
Ok(Some(dep)) => Some(Ok(dep)),
Ok(None) => None,
Err(err) => Some(Err(err)),
}
}
}
fn main() -> Result<()> {
for dep in ReverseDependencies::of("serde")? {
println!("reverse dependency: {}", dep?.crate_id);
}
Ok(())
}
处理速率受限 API
此实例使用 GitHub API - 速率限制展示如何处理远程服务器错误。本实例使用 hyper::header!
宏来解析响应头并检查 reqwest::StatusCode::Forbidden
。如果响应超过速率限制,则将等待并重试。