媒介类型

从字符串获取 MIME 类型

下面的实例展示如何使用 mime crate 从字符串解析出 MIME 类型。FromStrError 结构体在 unwrap_or 子句中生成默认的 MIME 类型。

use mime::{Mime, APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM};

fn main() {
    let invalid_mime_type = "i n v a l i d";
    let default_mime = invalid_mime_type
        .parse::<Mime>()
        .unwrap_or(APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);

    println!(
        "MIME for {:?} used default value {:?}",
        invalid_mime_type, default_mime
    );

    let valid_mime_type = "TEXT/PLAIN";
    let parsed_mime = valid_mime_type
        .parse::<Mime>()
        .unwrap_or(APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);

    println!(
        "MIME for {:?} was parsed as {:?}",
        valid_mime_type, parsed_mime
    );
}

从文件名获取 MIME 类型

下面的实例展示如何使用 mime crate 从给定的文件名返回正确的 MIME 类型。程序将检查文件扩展名并与已知的 MIME 类型列表匹配，返回值为 mime:Mime。

use mime::Mime;

fn find_mimetype (filename : &String) -> Mime{

    let parts : Vec<&str> = filename.split('.').collect();

    let res = match parts.last() {
            Some(v) =>
                match *v {
                    "png" => mime::IMAGE_PNG,
                    "jpg" => mime::IMAGE_JPEG,
                    "json" => mime::APPLICATION_JSON,
                    &_ => mime::TEXT_PLAIN,
                },
            None => mime::TEXT_PLAIN,
        };
    return res;
}

fn main() {
    let filenames = vec!("foobar.jpg", "foo.bar", "foobar.png");
    for file in filenames {
        let mime = find_mimetype(&file.to_owned());
     	println!("MIME for {}: {}", file, mime);
     }

}

解析 HTTP 响应的 MIME 类型

当从 reqwest 接收到 HTTP 响应时，MIME 类型或媒体类型可以在实体头部的 Content-Type 标头中找到。reqwest::header::HeaderMap::get 方法将标头检索为结构体 reqwest::header::HeaderValue，结构体可以转换为字符串。然后 mime crate 可以解析它，生成 mime::Mime 值。

mime crate 也定义了一些常用的 MIME 类型。

请注意：reqwest::header 模块是从 http crate 导出的。

use error_chain::error_chain;
use mime::Mime;
use std::str::FromStr;
use reqwest::header::CONTENT_TYPE;

 error_chain! {
    foreign_links {
        Reqwest(reqwest::Error);
        Header(reqwest::header::ToStrError);
        Mime(mime::FromStrError);
    }
 }

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let response = reqwest::get("https://www.rust-lang.org/logos/rust-logo-32x32.png").await?;
    let headers = response.headers();

    match headers.get(CONTENT_TYPE) {
        None => {
            println!("The response does not contain a Content-Type header.");
        }
        Some(content_type) => {
            let content_type = Mime::from_str(content_type.to_str()?)?;
            let media_type = match (content_type.type_(), content_type.subtype()) {
                (mime::TEXT, mime::HTML) => "a HTML document",
                (mime::TEXT, _) => "a text document",
                (mime::IMAGE, mime::PNG) => "a PNG image",
                (mime::IMAGE, _) => "an image",
                _ => "neither text nor image",
            };

            println!("The reponse contains {}.", media_type);
        }
    };

    Ok(())
}